2007年4月17日 星期二

會考化學(6)

今次化學友要同同學仔講嘅topic係detergent(清潔劑)。e個topic o向 CE chem通常分為兩部份,就係preparation of soap(肥皂製備)同埋soapy(皂性)和soapless detergent(非皂性清潔)嘅比較。e個topic其實真係幾大路o架。

1. Preparation of soap(肥皂製備)

- 將oil(油)或者fat(脂肪)同埋NaOH加熱及不時攪吓佢直至兩層layers合而為一。(oil同埋NaOH本來immiscible,但係product就solulbe in water,所以two layers become one layer)

- 然後熄火,加入brine (濃鹽水),就有d white solid(白色固體)出咗黎。(o個過程叫salting out。)

- 然後再用filtration(過濾)同埋用d distilled water洗吓d solid就得la。

(bold左嘅地方係會考嘅重要字眼o黎o架,同學仔一定要記住呀。)

2. 比較soapy(皂性)和soapless detergent(非皂性清潔)

相似:
(i) 大家都係係soft water(軟水)裡頭work嘅。

(ii) Soap 同埋 straight-chain soapless detergent(含直鍊的非皂性清潔)都係biodegradable(生物可降解)。

相異:
(i) 只有Soapless detergent係 hard water(硬水)同埋acidic solution(酸性液體)裡頭work嘅。而soap係hard water裡面就形成scum (浮渣)而o向acidic solution裡面就形成precipitate。

(ii) Branch-chain soapless detergent (含支鍊的非皂性清潔)係non-biodegradable。

同學仔睇o下下面o個table對你有冇幫助丫:


仲有呀,記住讀埋how soap removes dirt on a cloth。
同之前一樣,讀熟完之後記住做下面e幾條paspaper呀,好有用o架:
1. 1995 PaperI 9a
2. 2004 Paper I 7b (包括左how soap removes dirt on a cloth嘅solution)
3. 有時間做埋1994 Paper I 5a

3 則留言:

hahayi 提到...

1.咩係methylating agent?
2.如果問題比左個concentration of reactant remain 同埋time of reaction ge表你,係咪一定要試晒order 0,1,2 先可以找到個答案出黎..我次次做都徙了很多時間..
3.幾時用back titration?
4.岩岩AL果題呢,點解CaCl2唔可以用黎dry solution of C6H5COOH?係咪同Cl會replace OH 有關?

gladiolus 提到...

你好,我係會考生,我想請問一d野
Which of the following is often used as a primary standard?
A.hydrochloric acid
B.oxalic acid
C.calcium hydroxide
D.sodium hydroxide
Why?

kitsiu89 提到...

hi~我係第一次黎問野架
我想問下點分一樣野係soluble in water定organic solvent?
用like dissolve like
我聽過人講polar molecule 係咩黎架呢?
eventually, 仲有咩因素取決佢既soluble 既能力同地方??
thx!!化學友